ABSTRACT
In this report, a nationally representative sample of kindergarten through 12th grade (K-12) public school principals were asked about their experiences with covering classrooms and hiring staff. In the spring of the 2021-2022 school year, which coincided with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) omicron variant surge, most principals struggled to keep classrooms consistently staffed and many reported that hiring had become more challenging since the previous school year. Principals indicated that a lack of substitute teachers -- not an increase in open teaching positions -- was the main reason for classroom coverage shortages. In addition to day-to-day coverage issues, most principals reported that teacher vacancies were on the rise. Most of these principals believed that vacancies had grown more difficult to fill than in the prior school year, largely because of declining applicant counts. Principals' preferences when hiring teachers lend further insight into potential drivers of hiring challenges. A large majority of principals expressed strong preferences for like-minded teachers whose mindsets aligned with the vision and culture of the schools. Few principals prioritized the diversity of the educator workforce at their schools.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the educational experiences of diverse student populations throughout the country and among Virginia public schools. English Learners (ELs) had a unique set of needs and services prior to the pandemic, and potentially were more vulnerable to pandemic-related disruptions in typical school operations than other student groups. We analyze statewide, student-level administrative data on the composition of the EL population, the identification for and reclassification out of EL services, and the exit of ELs from public school enrollment in kindergarten through grade twelve between the 2010-11 and 2020-21 school years to examine changes between the pre-pandemic period and first post-pandemic onset year (2020-21). Our key findings include the following: (1) Following the onset of the pandemic, the number of students classified as EL decreased for the first time in a decade. Specifically, whereas the number of students classified as EL increased by 26.0% (25,171 more students) between 2010-11 and 2019-20, the number of students classified as EL decreased by 3.2% (3,852 fewer students) between 2019-20 and the first post-pandemic onset year (2020-21). (2) There was a 21.6% decline (6,223 fewer students) in the number of Virginia K-12 public school students newly identified for EL services in 2020-21 as compared to 2019-20. The drop in new EL identification occurred across student groups, but was largest among Hispanic students, economically disadvantaged students, and ninth graders. (3) The number of EL students reclassified as fully English proficient decreased by 57.3% (8,169 fewer students) in 2020-21 as compared to the pre-pandemic period. This decline is nearly three times the size of the previous largest year-to-year change. The drops in reclassification among ELs occurred across student groups and were somewhat larger among Hispanic and economically disadvantaged students. (4) EL students' exits from Virginia public schools in the post-pandemic onset were a continuation of pre-pandemic trends and did not meaningfully vary by race/ethnicity, economically disadvantaged status, or disability status.
ABSTRACT
The "Report on the Condition of Education" is a congressionally mandated annual report from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Using the most recent data available (at the time this report was written) from NCES and other sources, the report contains key indicators on the condition of education in the United States at all levels, from prekindergarten through postsecondary, as well as labor force outcomes and international comparisons. There are core indicators that are updated every year and spotlight indicators that provide in-depth analyses on topics of interest to education agencies, policymakers, researchers, and the public. At the broadest level, the Condition of Education Indicator System is organized into five sections: family characteristics;preprimary, elementary, and secondary education;postsecondary education;population characteristics and economic outcomes;and international comparisons. The Report on the "Condition of Education 2023" encompasses key findings from the Condition of Education Indicator System. The full contents of the Indicator System can be accessed online through the website or by downloading PDFs for the individual indicators. [For "The Condition of Education 2023": At a Glance, see ED628291. For the "Report on the Condition of Education 2022. NCES 2022-144," see ED619870.]
ABSTRACT
People with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) may be especially vulnerable to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic due to their unique characteristics. This qualitative case study used interviews with instructional staff and parents to understand the experiences of both families and practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how this can inform the use of virtual instruction for students with ASD. Through the lens of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory (1979) we examined how the different layers of our world shifted due to the pandemic, and what influence this had on our students with a diagnosis of ASD. Findings revealed several themes of among the interview transcripts, five main themes were observed: COVID-19, conflict of no control versus freedom, setting, technology use and preparation, and perspective.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, I draw together myriad theoretical and philosophical sources to think through the intensification of emotion amid and emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic. I begin with three narratives from my own teaching and learning, which ground the subsequent conversation. I then characterize the current movement in educational theorizing known as the affective turn. The affective turn, I suggest, attunes educational inquiry to small, yet vital, moments of classroom interaction often taken for granted in public education. Toward considering those vital moments in more nuance, I discuss psychoanalyst Wilfred R. Bion's notion of the alpha function – a nonconscious digestion of emotion we perform for others when they are overwhelmed. When coupled with Nel Noddings' evocation of the ethics of care in education, the alpha function offers an understanding of the hidden emotional labour in teaching. This hidden dimension of the teacher's task, the portion of the job that deals in regulating our own emotions and in helping students make sense of theirs, I suggest, is becoming more difficult amid the affective situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. I conclude the paper by gesturing toward a threefold response to be taken up more fully elsewhere: humility before the task of teaching, a reverence for the work of feeling, and a willingness to organize toward a more caring school system.
ABSTRACT
Malaysia is among the biggest hosts of refugees and asylum seekers (RAS) in Southeast Asia, of whom the majority are Rohingya Muslims. In Malaysia, RAS children are not allowed to enroll in public schools and therefore rely on a non-formal parallel education system that comprises learning centers run by refugee communities, NGOs, andfaith-based organizations. To date, little research is available on initiatives that attempt to integrate RAS children into Malaysian society through education. This study aims to gather evidence on the current situation of RAS children's education in Malaysia and answer the following questions: (a) what is the current state of evidence? and (b) to what extent has existing research/evidence addressed the question of RAS children integration into the national education system? We conducted a scoping review that gathers and summarizes findings from existing studies using a specific strategy: selection ofkeywords and systematic search through online databases, followed by screening of papers based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our findings showed that the overall body of evidence is small, with most studies describing the challenges and barriers faced by RAS children in accessing formal/non-formal and quality education. There was little focus and discussion on integrating RAS children into the national education system, which perhaps is due to the underlying assumption that Malaysia remains a transit country for RAS, and not a destination for permanent settlement.
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Three key aspects were revealed through the literature review of teacher evaluations. First, teacher evaluations have been controversial nationwide and revised from the outset. Second, the COVID-19 pandemic added a layer of complexity. Third, research on the state of teacher evaluations was minimal, particularly for California K-12 public schools. This mixed methods non-experimental case study employed a grounded theory research approach to gain an understanding of teacher evaluations during the COVID-19 pandemic. To conduct the study, human resource administrators in public school districts serving K-12 students across all 58 counties in California were invited to participate in an online survey. A total of 134 respondents representing 36 counties completed the survey, and some participated in a semi-structured interview. The data was analyzed, and a theme emerged, which was confirmed by the semi-structured interviews. This study unearthed a substantive theory: Collaboration overcomes adversity. Collaboration made supposedly impossible situations manageable. The substantive theory and findings are currently limited to education and teacher evaluations. Further exploration is recommended for policy, research, and practice. Some limitations include single-source information and limited participation from urban school districts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
Public schools in the United States saw unprecedented reductions to in-person instruction during the 2020–2021 school year. Using the Elementary School Operating Status database, the American Community Survey, and the Current Population Survey, we show remote instruction was associated with reduced employment among mothers compared with fathers and women without children. The gender gap in employment between mothers and fathers grew as much as 5 percentage points in areas with remote instruction. Compared to women without children, mothers' employment fell by as much as 2 percentage points under remote schooling. Employment disparities among mothers deepened by race, educational attainment, and marital status. We show employment disparities endured through spring 2021, even as many school districts returned to in-person instruction.
ABSTRACT
Nationwide, the teacher shortage and turnover concerns are an ongoing, ever-growing issue in public education. Ingersoll and Perda (2009) define turnover as the "migration of teachers from one school district to another" (p. 8). In 2016, the nationwide report on teacher retention showed that nearly half a million teachers will leave their schools or profession by the end of the year (Fuller et al., 2016). Finding a remedy for high attrition and low retention could build a sustainable solution to shortages in K-12 public education. Teacher retention refers to the percentage of teachers that remain within their school after the previous year of teaching. On the other hand, attrition refers to the number of teachers that leave or do not return for the next school year, which is averaging around 12% of all U.S. teachers annually (Moore, 2012). This quantitative study examined the relationships between teachers and their perceptions of administrator support, job-related stress, COVID-19 related stress, and self-efficacy to create a positive work environment. This study also examined the factors behind a teacher wanting to return to their current job position, switch school districts, or leave the career altogether. This study aligned with the Motivational Two Factor Theory created by Herzberg, Mausner, and Snyderman (1959). Herzberg et al. (1959) posited that "certain factors lead to positive attitudes towards work, and others lead to negative attitudes" (p. 12). This study focused on the motivational factors that lead to burnout and stress among public school teachers of Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Utilizing three scales, Bandura's (1959) Teacher Burnout Scale, Lee's COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, and Seidman and Zager's (1986) Self-efficacy Scale, this research demonstrated that some stress and burnout are present in Hattiesburg, Mississippi teachers, but a majority of participants remained neutral about their levels of stress and burnout. The results suggest a variety of correlations including administrator support, attitudes towards students, and discipline as factors that create burnout among teachers. Minimal COVID-19 anxiety was present but revealed other factors led to stress over COVID-19. Additionally, when stress and burnout are present, teachers show a higher tendency to want to leave their current jobs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
This study explored the challenges that Basic Stage EFL students encountered in online listening comprehension from their teachers' perspectives during the Corona Virus pandemic. It included (161) EFL teachers from public schools in Jordan who were randomly selected from Marka Directorate of Education in Amman during the first semester of the academic year 2021/2022. A special questionnaire was developed for data collection. The results indicated that teachers regardless of their experience and gender confirmed a set of challenges that face EFL students in online listening comprehension. The results also revealed that the students' domain of these challenges received the highest mean score. Based on the study's results, the researcher proposed some recommendations to overcome online listening comprehension challenges. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Technium Social Sciences Journal is the property of Technium Press Constanta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this Delphi Study was to identify classroom strategies that expert K-8 teachers use to support and promote the development of student emotional intelligence, as defined by Bradberry and Greaves (2009), within K-8 classrooms, to rate the importance of the identified strategies, and to identify specific activities to implement the four most highly rated strategies identified in Round 2. Methodology: This study utilized the Delphi method, which is an iterative process used to collect and distill the judgments of experts using a series of questionnaires interspersed with feedback. Twenty-one expert K-8 teachers identified strategies to develop student emotional intelligence within the classroom. This data provided the content for the second survey, where participants ranked the identified strategies in importance using a Likert scale, with 1 being the highest and 10 being the lowest. Once the top four competencies were identified, participants recommended methods to implement and support these four competencies in the classroom. Findings: This study identified the following classroom strategies as effective to support and develop levels of student emotional intelligence within public school K-8 classrooms in California: Building positive relationships with students, building trust with students, utilizing opportunities for positive character reinforcement, and differentiation and small group instruction. This study also provides recommendations to implement these strategies. Conclusion: The results of this research point to three key conclusions. First, it is concluded that teacher preparation programs and school districts are not currently providing sufficient pre-teaching preparation and professional development training in emotional intelligence for teachers. It is concluded that there is a lack of a structured systemic emotional intelligence development process. Finally, it is concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic caused actions to be taken by school systems that exacerbated the lack of emotional intelligence skills in both students and staff.Recommendations: It is recommended that school districts implement a specific social and emotional learning curriculum that is consistently applied across the district and at all grade levels. Additionally, further research is needed to support the positive effects of SEL and Emotional Intelligence training across age groups and contexts, particularly with regard to academic performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
We study how digital crowdfunding platforms can help replenish the sudden economic deficiencies that accompany a global crisis. Specifically, we examine whether public schools, which suffered severe setbacks during the COVID-19 crisis, were able to generate support from online fundraising communities. We study how the shutdown of schools and the shift to online learning in the United States affected private fundraising on the DonorsChoose.org platform. We find evidence that, after the exogenous shock caused by stay-at-home orders, donations to schools increased and the increased level of concern moves toward high-need schools. Moreover, we find a shift in donation patterns, wherein donors swiftly adapted to renewed priorities and redistributed their resources to immediate needs around digital learning infrastructure. Our findings reveal the pivotal role digital platforms can play in facilitating community resilience during times of crisis. © 2022 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The perceived loss is more complicated when the mental accounting process involves a higher aspiration level (e.g., parents send their children abroad for elite higher education, career success, and permanent residence in the destination country) mixed with an increased possibility of regretting the decision (e.g., the regret induced by the outbreak of pandemic and the low morale of global economy). Instruction languages, textbooks, teaching style, learning environment, and evaluation methods are all essentially distinct between the two school systems. Even for whom stuck in AP- or IB-curriculums of international high schools, with generous family funds, those students can pursue alternative career paths in art performance, entrepreneurship, philanthropy, or take gap years. For other families who have already chosen public schools and then domestic universities, especially working-class families with budget constraints, they are predictable to become risk aversion and avoid the perceived anti-Chinese discrimination and other additional academic, psychological, or social challenges (Yu et al., 2019).
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to analyze the sustainability of the post-COVID-19 pandemic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) legacy. The survey was conducted using raw secondary data from three census studies, one carried out before the pandemic and two after the return to in-person classes. The descriptive survey focused on Brazilian public schools and used a comparative intersectional design. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the raw data. The poorest conditions in terms of the availability of technological resources were found in municipal public school systems. The amount of equipment available, bandwidth, and Internet data transmission rate in most public schools were far below desirable, despite advances in 2021 compared to 2019. Although there have been important improvements in ICT in Brazilian public schools, there was no evidence of inherited ICT resources as a legacy of the Government's COVID-19 policies related to education. The study highlights the need for government to implement enduring public policies that guarantee the use of sustainable ICT resources to improve education, irrespective of global or national health challenges.
ABSTRACT
In the context of accelerated digitization of education, most public schools are using commercial digital platforms suial ch as Google or Microsoft. This phenomenon, intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, needs to be understood and analyzed by different perspectives and actors to find answers that allow for more sensible and secure use of these tools in educational contexts. In this scenario, this article explores the narratives on the protection of the privacy of users of digital platforms in schools and the protection of children's rights by the main actors in the educational field. The qualitative study is based on 14 interviews with key informants and analyzes their positions and statements concerning the use of commercial digital platforms in schools, the management of data, children's rights and the right to privacy. The results of this research shed light on the discursive tensions between the different educational actors around the entry of digital platforms of technological corporations in public schools.Alternate abstract:En un contexto de digitalización acelerada de la educación, la mayoría de los centros educativos públicos están utilizando plataformas digitales comerciales como Google o Microsoft. Este fenómeno, intensificado durante la pandemia del COVID-19, requiere ser comprendido y analizado por distintas miradas y actores, con el fin de buscar respuestas quepermitan un uso más sensato y seguro de estas herramientas en contextos educativos. En este escenario, el presente artículo explora los discursos sobre la protección de la privacidad de los usuarios de las plataformas digitales en las escuelas y el cuidado de los derechos de la infancia por parte de los principales actores del campo educativo. El estudio, de corte cualitativo, se basa en la realización de 14 entrevistas a informantes clave y analiza el discurso de sus posicionamientos y manifestaciones en relación con el uso de plataformas digitales comerciales en la escuela, la gestión de datos masivos, los derechos de la infancia y el derecho a la privacidad. Los resultados de esta investigación arrojan luz sobre las tensiones discursivas existentes entre los distintos actores del campo educativo alrededor de la entrada de plataformas digitales de corporaciones tecnológicas en la escuela pública.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of teachers' digital literacy on the development of learning sessions at the early education level in a public school in northern Lima (Peru) in the context of Covid-19. Using a qualitative case study approach, a semi-structured interview was applied to teachers with experience in teaching early childhood education. The results show that digital literacy influences the development and methodology of visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning sessions, since it is known that infants are in the digital era where many of them know how to use a variety of tools and applications. Finally, digital resources are crucial in the performance of teachers and in the cognitive process of children. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to collect and analyze data related to the impact of internal and external factors as predictors of teachers' decisions to teach in urban PK-6 Title I public schools. The quantitative study will identify the impact of predictors classified as teacher characteristics, school characteristics, organizational characteristics, teacher efficacy, and COVID-19 on teachers in classrooms that educate economically disadvantaged students in an urban Title I public school district in southwest Texas. Utilizing Bernard Weiner's (1958) Attribution Theory of Achievement as a framework, the study will measure the impact of internal and external factors that teachers attribute to their longevity in Title I classrooms. The guiding research question is: How do internal and external predictors, classified as teacher characteristics, school characteristics, organizational characteristics, teacher efficacy, and the COVID-19 pandemic predict teacher retention in urban Title I PreK-6 schools? The survey containing 62 questions was completed by 354 participants. The results of the study uncovered the degree of impact the predictors had on teachers' decision to continue to teach in some of the most challenging classrooms, despite the external and internal factors that led to the exit of many of their peers. The predictors identified as contributing to longevity in urban Title I public schools included (a) 20+ years of experience, (b) a bachelor's degree, and (c) salary and workload. The two predictors' teachers indicated would decrease the likelihood of longevity in Title I urban public schools included (a) teachers aged 25-35, and (b) teachers aged 36-43. The lessons learned from these teachers will be added to the body of research pertaining to the necessity to retain teachers in urban Title I public schools. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
This paper assessed the Joint Delivery Voucher Program for senior high school technical vocational livelihood between 2017and 2021 in selected public high schools in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. The study employed survey research method. The sources of information were from primary and secondary data. Further, the project employed the cost sharing approach and educational institution approach. Result showed that face-to-face learning with result demonstration was the "always" preferred extension teaching methods before the COVID 19 pandemic. -learning, modules, IEC, instructional materials, mobile application and interactive computer assisted module were used during the COVID 19 pandemic implementation. The program implementation encountered "slightly serious problems." The students had acquired "adequate competency" in the program that enabled them to pass the national assessment and evaluated the JDVP implementation as "excellent.
ABSTRACT
Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the decision to reopen schools for in-person instruction has become a pressing policy issue. This study examines what overall factors drive public support for schools re-opening in person and whether members of the public are willing to comply with school re-opening decisions based on their own preferences and/or the level of government from which the order comes. Through two rounds of national surveys with an embedded experiment, I find consistent evidence that 1) trust in information from elites - not contact with COVID - best explain preferences for reopening, 2) political ideology and racial and class identification help explain preferences as well, and 3) the President of the United States is best positioned to generate compliance with a school reopening mandate. This study suggests that politics - not public health - drives public support for schools reopening and compliance with government orders to reopen. AD -, Providence, RI, USA ;, Providence, RI, USA
ABSTRACT
School closures during the COVID-19 pandemic have hindered students' food access, particularly low-income students who rely on schools for their primary daily meals. School food programmes have adapted to pandemic conditions by providing school food at home (SF@H). We conceptually explore the changing geographies of school food during the pandemic by examining adaptations by Brazil's national school food programme (PNAE) and then comparing it to regular school food provision. Our research is informed by 43 interviews with public officials and civil society representatives from all regions of Brazil, ranging from high-level technocrats to frontline responders engaged with school food. Rapid response through national school food policy allowed schools to provide food at home as a pandemic relief effort by creating novel alternative food geographies that keep schools at the heart of agri-food systems. SF@H provide local family farmers with an alternative commercialisation channel to those compromised because of social distancing measures. SF@H also provided students – and, for the first time, their families – with access to food during home-based learning. While this has been important, we find that even when the state provides SF@H as a pandemic relief measure, low-income families are subject to additional burdens that accentuate the inequalities previously ameliorated at schools.Alternate :ResumenEl cierre de escuelas durante la pandemia del COVID-19 ha dificultado el acceso a los alimentos de los estudiantes, en particular de los estudiantes de bajos ingresos que dependen de las escuelas para sus comidas diarias principales. Los programas de alimentación escolar se han adaptado a las condiciones de la pandemia al proporcionar alimentación escolar en el hogar (SF@H). Exploramos conceptualmente las geografías cambiantes de la alimentación escolar durante la pandemia al examinar las adaptaciones del Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) de Brasil y luego compararlo con la provisión regular de alimentos escolar. Nuestra investigación se basa en 43 entrevistas con funcionarios públicos y representantes de la sociedad civil de todas las regiones de Brasil, desde tecnócratas de alto nivel hasta personal de primera línea comprometidos con la alimentación escolar. La respuesta rápida a través de la política nacional de alimentación escolar permitió a las escuelas proporcionar alimentos en el hogar como un esfuerzo de alivio a la pandemia mediante la creación de novedosas geografías alimentarias alternativas que mantuvieron a las escuelas en el corazón de los sistemas agroalimentarios. SF@H brinda a los agricultores locales familiares un canal de comercialización alternativo para aquellos comprometidos debido a las medidas de distanciamiento social. SF@H también proporcionó a los estudiantes y, por primera vez, a sus familias, acceso a alimentos durante el aprendizaje en el hogar. Si bien esto ha sido importante, encontramos que incluso cuando el Estado proporciona SF@H como medida de alivio a la pandemia, las familias de bajos ingresos están sujetas a cargas adicionales que acentúan las desigualdades que antes se mejoraban en las escuelas.